![]() Uncomplicated crown fracture - fracture of crown of tooth not involving the pulpĬomplicated crown fracture - fracture of crown of tooth involving the pulpīOP - bleeding on probing with light pressure with a blunt periodontal probe Subgingival - below the free gingival margin (gum line) Supragingival - above the free gingival margin (gum line) Palatal - surface of tooth toward hard palate ![]() Occlusal - biting surface of tooth (applies to maxillary molar 1 and 2 in dogs) Mesial - surface toward rostral midline of animal Interproximal - surface between two teeth Incisal - toward the tip of the tooth (for incisors, canines)ĭistal - surface away from midline of animal Labial - the surface toward the lips (applies to incisors, canines) Mandibular 1st molar (cat) ends in 09, i.e., right maxillary premolar 4 is numbered 108 ![]() Mandibular 1st molar tooth (dog) ends in 09, i.e., right mandibular 1st molar is numbered 409 Right upper is 1 left upper is 2 left lower is 3 right lower is 4Ĭanine teeth always end in 04, i.e., left mandibular canine is numbered 304 M3 = Severe mobility > 1 mm or intruded into socket or can be extruded out of socketģ = Penetration further into dentine, close to pulp M2 = Moderate mobility, > 0.5, less than 1 mm in any lateral direction M1 = Slight mobility > 0.2 mm, less than 0.5 mm *AL is usually best based on measurements with a periodontal probe and intraoral radiographs.ġ = Some supragingival calculus covering 2/3 of buccal tooth surface and extending subgingivallyġ = Marginal gingivitis, mild swelling, some colour change, no BOPĢ = Moderate swelling and inflammation of gingiva, BOPģ = Marked swelling and inflammation, spontaneous bleedingġ = Thin film along gingival margin covering 2/3 buccal tooth surfaceį1 = Probe goes into furcation and up to 1/3 buccolingual crown width of multirooted toothį2 = Probe goes up to 2/3 buccolingual crown width of multirooted toothį3 = Probe goes all the way through buccolingual crown width of multirooted tooth Normal sulcus depth in the dog is 50% or furcation 3 exposure Probing provides a practical way of assessing periodontal health or disease. Periodontal probing with a blunt-ended probe measures the depth of the gingival sulcus or pocket. ![]() Periodontal probing and charting: As periodontitis is a disease of the periodontium and involves the loss of periodontal attachment to the tooth, the only way to assess this loss is by assessing the extent of disease (by probing and radiography) and recording this information. It will not be long before this trend takes over from analogue systems in the veterinary dental field. There is an increasing uptake of digital radiography in human dentistry also. Useful inclusions: Chair-side developer with rapid developer/fixer, ideally radiographic viewing box.ĭigital radiography has already started to replace screen film/darkroom processing in many veterinary teaching universities in Australia. Dental X-ray equipment: non-screen dental films, film clips for handling, and envelopes for radiographic storage or you can digitalise radiographs for storage on computer hard drive. The dental X-ray unit can be mobile or fixed to a wall to allow radiographs to be taken directly at the workbench. Protective eyewear with or without magnificationĭental radiography can be performed with a general X-ray unit, but a dental X-ray unit is preferred. Periodontal probe with graduations up to 10 mm sickle explorer other end There can be variable amounts of plaque and calculus present, although as a general rule, the more plaque and calculus covering the tooth surface, the more severe the disease. There may also be areas with gingival recession, furcation exposures (in multirooted teeth) or purulent discharge from periodontal pockets. ![]() On visual inspection, an animal with periodontal disease may show evidence of gingival swelling, redness and altered gingival contour around the teeth. Inspection of the intraoral structures should follow, including the hard and soft tissues with the focus on the dentition, gingiva, mucosa, tongue, tonsils and occlusion. The oral examination will include inspection and palpation of the extraoral structures, including the face, lips, and muscles of mastication temporomandibular joints salivary glands lymph nodes maxillae and mandibles and looking for swelling, atrophy or asymmetry. This should always include a thorough clinical examination of other organ systems before the oral examination begins. A systematic approach is necessary when diagnosing oral pathology in the dog and cat. ![]()
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